Kenya passes controversial bill two years after deadly Gen Z protests

Kenya's National Assembly passed the Finance Bill 2024 on June 20, 2024, a piece of legislation that has sparked widespread public opposition and led to significant protests. The bill introduces new taxes and levies, including a 16% Value Added Tax (VAT) on previously exempt goods like bread and cooking oil, and an increase in the housing levy from 1.5% to 3%. These measures are projected to raise an additional KES 300 billion (approximately $2.3 billion USD) for the government, which officials state is necessary to manage the national debt and fund public services. The bill's passage follows a period of intense public outcry, reminiscent of the large-scale Gen Z-led demonstrations that occurred in November 2022 against a similar finance bill. Human rights organizations, including Amnesty International Kenya, have documented instances of excessive force and alleged arbitrary arrests by police during recent protests, particularly in Nairobi. The opposition coalition, Azimio la Umoja, has vowed to challenge the bill in court, citing its potential to exacerbate the cost of living crisis for ordinary Kenyans. President William Ruto has indicated his support for the bill, emphasizing its role in achieving fiscal sustainability.