Revealing competitive interfacial reactions in high-energy Li–S batteries

Researchers visualized concentration-driven phase segregation within high-concentration interfacial layers in high-energy lithium–sulfur batteries on June 17, 2026. Utilizing liquid-cell electrochemical transmission electron microscopy, the study revealed competitive interfacial reactions occurring under lean electrolyte conditions at different phase boundaries. This advanced imaging technique allowed for unprecedented observation of dynamic processes at the nanoscale within these complex battery systems. The findings provide critical insights into the degradation mechanisms and performance limitations of lithium–sulfur batteries, particularly those operating with high sulfur content and limited electrolyte. Understanding these interfacial reactions is crucial for developing more stable and efficient next-generation battery technologies.