Why heritage sites are at risk in a warming world — and how to save them

Rising sea levels and more frequent extreme weather events pose significant threats to heritage sites globally, necessitating urgent development of new preservation and adaptation strategies. A study published in Nature on June 22, 2026, highlights that coastal erosion, increased flooding, and extreme heat are already damaging or threatening numerous UNESCO World Heritage sites. For instance, the ancient city of Venice, Italy, faces an increased risk of permanent inundation due to rising sea levels, with projections indicating that its iconic St. Mark's Square could be submerged more frequently. Similarly, archaeological sites in low-lying coastal regions, such as the ancient port of Alexandria in Egypt, are vulnerable to saltwater intrusion and erosion. The research emphasizes the need for integrated approaches that combine traditional conservation methods with innovative technological solutions, including advanced climate modeling and digital reconstruction techniques. Adaptation strategies discussed involve relocating vulnerable artifacts, reinforcing existing structures with climate-resilient materials, and implementing nature-based solutions like mangrove restoration to protect coastlines. The article underscores that without immediate and coordinated action, many irreplaceable cultural landmarks could be lost within decades, impacting global heritage and future generations' understanding of history. The authors call for increased international cooperation and funding to support these critical preservation efforts.