Genetic diversity of late Neanderthals in northwestern Europe

Genetic sequencing of multiple late Neanderthals living less than 52,500 years ago provides an overview of genetic diversity and demonstrates that even low-coverage nuclear genome data can increase resolution of within-Neanderthal diversity. The study, published online in Nature on June 24, 2026, analyzed genetic material from individuals found in northwestern Europe. Researchers were able to reconstruct aspects of their genetic makeup, revealing insights into population structure and potential interbreeding events. This research highlights the utility of low-coverage nuclear genome data in understanding the genetic landscape of extinct hominin populations. The findings contribute to a more nuanced picture of Neanderthal populations in their final millennia.